Moisture 1 = dry, well drained soil R= riparian (stream/waterside) habitat for fish, etc.
2 = needs some moisture
3 = prefers moist to wet soils
Common name (scientific name) | Sun | M | Description | Wildlife habitat values | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TREES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SF | Paper Birch (betula papyrifera) | Full | 3 | White, papery bark, 30 meters | Seeds eaten by Pine Siskins R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trembling (populus tremuloides) | Full | 2 | Whitish bark, trembling leaves, 25 meters | Butterfly food, woodpecker nest cavities in older trees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Black (populus balsamifera, trichocarpa) | Full | 3 | 30-40 meters | Butterfly larval food, roosts and nests for owls, swifts, woodpeckers, bats, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Bitter cherry (prunus emarginata) | Shade /partial | 2 | R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cascara (Rhamnus purshiana) | Shade | 2 | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SHRUBS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(acer glabrum) | Partial | 2 | Mulitstemmed, smooth bark, to 7 meters, colourful fall leaves | Evening grosbeaks eat seeds, and insects use nectar from flowers, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mountain alder (alnus incana) | Full | 3 | Multistemmed, 10 meters, fixes nitrogen | Pine siskins eat seeds, foraging for insectivores, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | (amelanchier alnfolia) | Full | 1 | White flowers, purple berries, 5 meters | Birds eat berries, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redstem ceanothus (ceanothus sanguineus) | Partial | 3 | White flowers, fixes nitrogen, 1-3 meters | Butterfly larval food, deer browse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Red-osier dogweed (cornus stolonifera) | Full /partial | 3 | Red stems, white flowers and berries, 4 meters | Birds eat berries, deer browse R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hazelnut (corylus cornuta) | Shade /partial | 3 | Red flowers, catkins, 4 meters | Chipmunks, squirrels, jays eat Nuts, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Columbian (red) hawthorn (crataegus Columbiana) | Full | 2 | Thorny, white flowers and red berries, 5 meters | Bird nesting and roosting, berries for birds and mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Black hawthorn (crataegus douglasii) | Full | 2 | Thorny, white flowers, black berries, moist sites | Butterfly larval food, nesting and roosting for birds, berries for birds and mammals, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Oceanspray (holodiscus discolor) | Full | 2 | Sprays of creamy white flowers, 4 meters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Black twinberry (lonicera involucrate) | Partial | 3 | Small yellow flowers, black berries | Nectar for hummingbirds, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Red twinberry (lonicera utahensis) | Partial | 2 | Fragrant white trumpet flowers early in spring, red berries | Berries eaten by birds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NATIVE PLANT LIST FOR THE SHUSWAP (cont’d) Moisture 1 = dry, well drained soil R = riparian(stream/waterside S = spring availability 2 = needs some moisture habitat for fish, etc. F= fall availability 3 = prefers moist to wet soils | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SHRUBS (cont’d) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SF | Oregon grape (mahonia aquifolium) | Full /partial | 1 | Yellow flowers, blue berries, holly like leaf | Winter cover for birds, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
False Box (pachistima/paxistima myrsinites) | Shade | 2 | Dense evergreen shrub to 60 centimeters, tiny red flowers | Deer browse, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Mock-orange (philadelphus lewisii) | Full | 1 | White, fragrant flowers, 3 meters | Butterfly larval food and nectar, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Chokecherry (prunus virgiana) | Full | 2 | White flowers and red/black berries, prefers moist rich soil | Birds and mammals eat berries, larval butterfly flood | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Baldhip rose ( | Shade /partial | 2 | Small, delicate rose with “bald” hip, 1.5 meters | Chipmunks and other mammals eat hips, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Nootka rose ( | Full | 2 | Pink fragrant flowers, red hips, 3 meters | Chipmunks and other mammals eat hips, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wood rose ( | Full | 1 | Pink fragrant flowers, red hips, 2 meters | Chipmunks and other mammals eat hips, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prickly rose ( | Partial | 2 | Pink fragrant flowers, red hips, 1.5 meters | Chipmunks and other mammals eat hips, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S | Red raspberry (rubus idaeus) | Partial | 2 | White flowers, red berries, 1.5 meters | Birds and small mammals eat Berries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Black raspberry /blackcap (rubus leucodermis) | Partial | 2 | White flowers, black berries and purple stem | Birds and small mammals eat Berries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Thimbleberry (rubus parviflorus) | Full /partial | 2 | Large maple live leaves, which flowers, red berries, tart | Birds and small mammals eat berries, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S | Partial | 3 | Shrub to 8 – 12 meters | Butterfly larval food, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Blue elderberry (sambucus caerulea) | Full | 1 | White flowers, blue berries | Birds and mammals eat berries, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Red elderberry (sambucus racemosa) | Full /partial | 1/2 | White flowers, red berries | Birds and mammals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Black elderberry (sambucus Canadensis) | Full /partial | 1 | White flowers, black berries | Birds and mammals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Soapberry/soopolallie (shepherdia anadensis) | Partial | 1 | Tiny yellow flowers and tart red berries, fixes nitrogen, male and female plants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Mountain ash (sorbus sitchensis) | Partial | 2 | White flowers and red berries, 1-5 meters | Birds eat berries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Snowberry (symphoricarpos albus) | Partial | 1 | Pinkish flowers and white berries, forms low thickets | Bird cover, winter food for birds, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Highbush cranberry (viburnum opulus) | Partial | 2 | White flowers and red berries | Birds eat berries in winter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NATIVE PLANT LIST FOR THE SHUSWAP (cont’d) Moisture 1 = dry, well drained soil R= riparian(streamside) habitat S= spring availability 2 = needs some moisture for fish, etc. F = fall availability 3 = prefers moist to wet soils | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FLOWERS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S F | Showy aster (aster conspicus) | Full /partial | 1 | Showy purple flowers | Butterfly nectar plant and larval host | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S F | Columbine (aquilegia | Partial | 2 | Spurred red and yellow flowers | Hummingbird and butterfly nectar, R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pearly everlasting (anaphalis margaritacea) | Full | 1 | Small yellow flowers, tolerates poor soil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SF | Fireweed (epilobium angustifolium) | Full | 2 | Spikes of pink-purple flowers, fluffy white seeds, spreading roots | Hummingbird, butterfly and bee nectar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lupine (lupinus sericeus) | Full | 1 | Blue flowers, seeds burst from pods | Butterfly larval food | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | False solomon’s seal (simlacina racemosa) | Shade | 2 | Wonderfully scented spike of white flowers, small reddish berries | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SF | Birch leaved spirea (spiraea betulifolia) | full | 1 | Flat white flowers | Butterfly plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(viola canadensis) | Shade | 3 | White flowers | Butterfly larval host, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GROUND COVER | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S F | Heart leafed arnica (arnica cordifolia) | Partial | 2 | Yellow flowers, used as a herbal remedy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Kinnikinnick (arctostaphylos uva-ursi) | Full | 1 | Evergreen shrub, dark green leaves, pinkish flowers, red berries | Bird food, butterfly larval food | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Umber pussytoes (antennaria umbrinella) | full | 1 | Mat forming , low ground cover, grey-woolly leaves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Field pussytoes (antennaria neglecta) | Full /partial | 1 | Mat forming, low grown cover, leaves green above | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S F | Wood strawberry (fragaria vessca) | Shade | 3 | Green leaves, delicious red berries | Birds and mammals eat berries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SF | Blue leaf strawberry (fragaria virginiana) | Partial | 2 | Blue green leaves, delicious red berries | Birds and mammals eat berries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
VINES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle (lonicera ciliosa) | Partial | 2 | Orange/red “trumpet” flowers | Hummingbird and butterfly nectar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | Blue clematis (clematis occindentalis) | Partial/shade | 2 | Blue flowers, white wooly seed pods, shaded base needed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
White clematis/virgin’s bower/traveller’s joy (clematis ligusticifolia) | Partial | 2 | White flowers, great climber! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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