Wildlife Values of Native Plants of the Shuswap

               
Moisture 1 = dry, well drained soil                R= riparian (stream/waterside) habitat for fish, etc.
   2 = needs some moisture                   
  3 = prefers moist to wet soils                         

Common name
(scientific name)
Sun
M
Description
Wildlife habitat values



TREES







SF
Paper Birch
(betula papyrifera)
Full
3
White, papery bark, 30 meters
Seeds eaten by Pine Siskins
R




Trembling Aspen
(populus tremuloides)
Full
2
Whitish bark, trembling leaves, 25 meters
Butterfly food, woodpecker nest cavities in older trees




Black Cottonwood
(populus balsamifera, trichocarpa)
Full
3
30-40 meters
Butterfly larval food, roosts and
nests for owls, swifts,
woodpeckers, bats, R



F
Bitter cherry
(prunus emarginata)
Shade
/partial
2

R




Cascara
(Rhamnus purshiana)
Shade
2

R



SHRUBS








Douglas maple
(acer glabrum)
Partial
2
Mulitstemmed, smooth bark, to 7 meters, colourful fall leaves
Evening grosbeaks eat seeds, and insects use nectar from flowers, R




Mountain alder
(alnus incana)
Full
3
Multistemmed, 10 meters, fixes nitrogen
Pine siskins eat seeds, foraging
for insectivores, R



F
Saskatoon
(amelanchier alnfolia)
Full
1
White flowers, purple berries, 5 meters
Birds eat berries, R




Redstem ceanothus
(ceanothus sanguineus)
Partial
3
White flowers, fixes nitrogen, 1-3 meters
Butterfly larval food, deer browse




Red-osier dogweed
(cornus stolonifera)
Full
/partial
3
Red stems, white flowers and berries, 4 meters
Birds eat berries, deer browse
R




Hazelnut
(corylus cornuta)
Shade
/partial
3
Red flowers, catkins, 4 meters
Chipmunks, squirrels, jays eat
Nuts, R




Columbian (red) hawthorn (crataegus Columbiana)
Full
2
Thorny, white flowers and red berries, 5 meters
Bird nesting and roosting, berries
for birds and mammals



F
Black hawthorn
(crataegus douglasii)
Full
2
Thorny, white flowers, black berries, moist sites
Butterfly larval food, nesting and roosting for birds, berries for
birds and mammals, R



F
Oceanspray
(holodiscus discolor)
Full
2
Sprays of creamy white flowers, 4 meters





Black twinberry
(lonicera involucrate)
Partial
3
Small yellow flowers, black berries
Nectar for hummingbirds, R



F
Red twinberry
(lonicera utahensis)
Partial
2
Fragrant white trumpet flowers early in spring, red  berries
Berries eaten by birds



NATIVE PLANT LIST FOR THE SHUSWAP (cont’d)  
                                                              Moisture 1 = dry, well drained soil                R = riparian(stream/waterside                   
S = spring availability                                              2 =  needs some moisture                       habitat for fish, etc.
F= fall availability                                                    3 = prefers moist to wet soils           



SHRUBS (cont’d)



SF
Oregon grape
(mahonia aquifolium)
Full
/partial
1
Yellow flowers, blue berries, holly like leaf
Winter cover for birds, R




False Box (pachistima/paxistima myrsinites)
Shade
2
Dense evergreen shrub to 60 centimeters, tiny red flowers
Deer browse, R



F
Mock-orange
(philadelphus lewisii)
Full
1
White, fragrant flowers,
3 meters
Butterfly larval food and nectar,
R



F
Chokecherry
(prunus virgiana)
Full
2
White flowers and red/black berries, prefers moist rich soil
Birds and mammals eat berries, larval butterfly flood



F
Baldhip rose
(rosa gymnocarpa)
Shade
/partial
2
Small, delicate rose with “bald” hip, 1.5 meters
Chipmunks and other mammals
eat hips, R



F
Nootka rose
(rosa nutkana)
Full
2
Pink fragrant flowers, red hips, 3 meters
Chipmunks and other mammals
eat hips, R




Wood rose
(rosa woodsii)
Full
1
Pink fragrant flowers, red hips, 2 meters
Chipmunks and other mammals
eat hips, R




Prickly rose
(rosa acicularis)
Partial
2
Pink fragrant flowers, red hips, 1.5 meters
Chipmunks and other mammals
eat hips, R



S
Red raspberry
(rubus idaeus)
Partial
2
White flowers, red berries,
1.5 meters
Birds and small mammals eat
Berries




Black raspberry /blackcap (rubus leucodermis)
Partial
2
White flowers, black berries and purple stem
Birds and small mammals eat
Berries



F
Thimbleberry
(rubus parviflorus)
Full
/partial
2
Large maple live leaves, which flowers, red berries, tart
Birds and small mammals eat
berries, R



S
Willow (salix)
Partial
3
Shrub to 8 – 12 meters
Butterfly larval food, R



F
Blue elderberry
(sambucus caerulea)
Full
1
White flowers, blue berries
Birds and mammals eat berries,
R




Red elderberry
(sambucus racemosa)
Full
/partial
1/2
White flowers, red berries
Birds and mammals



F
Black elderberry
(sambucus Canadensis)
Full
/partial
1
White flowers, black berries
Birds and mammals



F
Soapberry/soopolallie (shepherdia anadensis)
Partial
1
Tiny yellow flowers and tart
red berries, fixes nitrogen, male and female plants



F
Mountain ash
(sorbus sitchensis)
Partial
2
White flowers and red berries, 1-5 meters
Birds eat berries



F
Snowberry
(symphoricarpos albus)
Partial
1
Pinkish flowers and white berries, forms low thickets
Bird cover, winter food for birds,
R



F
Highbush cranberry
(viburnum opulus)
Partial
2
White flowers and red berries
Birds eat berries in winter



NATIVE PLANT LIST FOR THE SHUSWAP (cont’d)  
                                                              Moisture 1 = dry, well drained soil                 R= riparian(streamside) habitat         
S= spring availability                                              2 =  needs some moisture                     for fish, etc.
F = fall availability                                                  3 = prefers moist to wet soils                                           







FLOWERS







S
F     
Showy aster
(aster conspicus)
Full
/partial
1
Showy purple flowers
Butterfly nectar plant and
larval host



S
F
Columbine
(aquilegia Formosa)
Partial
2
Spurred red and yellow flowers
Hummingbird and
butterfly nectar, R




Pearly everlasting
(anaphalis margaritacea)
Full
1
Small yellow flowers, tolerates poor soil




SF
Fireweed
(epilobium angustifolium)
Full
2
Spikes of pink-purple flowers, fluffy white seeds, spreading roots
Hummingbird, butterfly and
bee nectar




Lupine
(lupinus sericeus)
Full
1
Blue flowers, seeds burst from pods
Butterfly larval food



F
False solomon’s seal (simlacina racemosa)
Shade
2
Wonderfully scented spike of white flowers, small reddish berries
R




SF
Birch leaved spirea
(spiraea betulifolia)
full
1
Flat white flowers
Butterfly plant




Canada violet
(viola canadensis)
Shade
3
White flowers
Butterfly larval host, R



GROUND COVER







S
F
Heart leafed arnica
(arnica cordifolia)
Partial
2
Yellow flowers, used as a herbal remedy




F
Kinnikinnick
(arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
Full
1
Evergreen shrub, dark green leaves, pinkish flowers, red berries
Bird food, butterfly larval food




Umber pussytoes
(antennaria umbrinella)
full
1
Mat forming , low ground cover, grey-woolly leaves





Field pussytoes
(antennaria neglecta)
Full
/partial
1
Mat forming, low grown cover, leaves green above




S
F
Wood strawberry
(fragaria vessca)
Shade
3
Green leaves, delicious red berries
Birds and mammals eat berries



SF
Blue leaf strawberry
(fragaria virginiana)
Partial
2
Blue green leaves, delicious red berries
Birds and mammals eat berries



VINES







F
Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle (lonicera ciliosa)
Partial
2
Orange/red “trumpet” flowers
Hummingbird and
butterfly nectar



F
Blue clematis
(clematis occindentalis)
Partial/shade
2
Blue flowers, white wooly seed pods, shaded base needed





White clematis/virgin’s bower/traveller’s joy
(clematis ligusticifolia)
Partial
2
White flowers, great climber!




No comments:

Post a Comment